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Nature and Role of Tarka in Navya-Nyaya

Gautama defined tarka as a “kind of conjectural reasoning (uha) used for ascertaining the real nature of a thing (tattvajnanartha), especially when the nature of a thing is generally known (avijnatatattve) but is yet to be fully determined, which reveals the real nature by showing the absurdity of all contrary characters (karana-upapattitah). ”

Vatsyayana demonstrates the definition with the help of the following example: “Once one hears that on the Nyāya view a…

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Naya

The notion of naya is as significant as the notion of pramana in Jaina philosophy. If pramana is contrasted with naya, then pramana means complete knowledge and naya means partial knowledge. Naya is not erroneous cognition. So, it is said that naya is neither pramana nor apramaṇa instead, it is pramanamsa (partial knowledge).

Being partial knowledge, naya represents a particular stand-point or a particular perspective through which one understands an object. While doing so it does not deny that t…

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