Parthenocarpy: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Parthenocarpy is a phenomenon in plants where fruits develop without the process of fertilization. In parthenocarpy, the ovary starts to grow and develop into a fruit without the fusion of male and female gametes.
• This results in the formation of seedless fruits. Parthenocarpy can occur naturally in some plant species or can be induced artificially in others.
• Common examples of naturally occurring parthenocarpic fruits include some varieties of bananas, pineap…

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Polyembryony: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Polyembryony is a phenomenon in plants where multiple embryos develop from a single fertilized egg cell or from multiple fertilized egg cells within the same seed. This process results in the formation of multiple plantlets or embryos within a single seed. Polyembryony can occur through various mechanisms and has been observed in a range of plant species.

Mechanisms of Polyembryony

• Cleavage Polyembryony: In cleavage polyembryony, a single fertilized egg underg…

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Vegetative Propagation in Plants

Concept of Vegetative propagation

• Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals arise from non-reproductive plant structures. Unlike sexual reproduction, which involves the union of gametes (sex cells), vegetative reproduction does not involve the formation of seeds or spores.
• Instead, new plants develop from vegetative structures like stems, roots, or leaves. Vegetative reproduction occurs without the production of …

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