71 Notes on SWAYAM Cell Biology Covering Complete Syllabus

Structure of Model Membrane[16 Notes, 22%]

• 1 [1]
• Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Lipid Bilayer and Membrane Protein Diffusion[15 Notes, 22%]

• 1 [2]
• Cellular Organization: Brief Note on Cell and Its Outer Protective Layer, Plasma Membrane, Fluid Mosaic Model, Formation of Thermodynamically Favoured Enclosed Lipid Bilayers
• Cellular Organization: Formation of Micelle, Synthetic Bilayers, Phospholipid Movement, Molecules Aiding Membrane Integrity
• 2 [1]
• Membrane Lipids

Osmosis Ion Channels[12 Notes, 18%]

• 1 [1]
• Cellular Organization: Osmosis Ion Channels
• 2 [1]
• Osmosis Ion Channels: Voltage-Gated Ion Channels, Ligand-Gated Ion, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (NAChR), Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (MAChR)
• 3 [1]
• Mechano-Gated Channels: Aquaporins, Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)

Active Transport[9 Notes, 15%]

• 1 [1]
• Active Transport
• 2 [1]
• Active Transport: ATP-Powered Pumps
• 3 [1]
• Active Transport: Sodium- Potassium Pump, Proton Pump

Membrane Pumps[6 Notes, 10%]

• 1 [1]
• Membrane Pumps
• 2 [1]
• Membrane Pumps: Concept, ATP-Powered Pumps (Primary Active Transport), Electrochemical Gradient-Driven Pump, Proton Pumps

Mechanism of Sorting and Regulation of Intracellular Transport[4 Notes, 6%]

• 1 [1]
• Mechanism of Sorting and Regulation of Intracellular Transport: Concept, Co-Translational Translocation, Anterograde and Retrograde Sorting
• 2 [1]
• Mechanism of Sorting and Regulation of Intracellular Transport: Protein Sorting in Mitochondria, Lysosome & Peroxisomes

Electrical Properties of Membranes[2 Notes, 4%]

• 1 [1]
• Electrical Properties of Membranes
• 2 [1]
• Electrical Properties of Membranes: Concept, Different Phases, Refractory Period, Graded Potential

Basics of Cell and Cell Wall[26 Notes, 39%]

• 1 [1]
• Cell Wall
• 2 [1]
• Cell Wall: Chemical Nature of Cell Wall, Structure of Cell Wall, Functions of Cell Wall, Bacterial Cell Wall

Nucleus[24 Notes, 35%]

• 1 [1]
• Cellular Organization: Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles
• 2 [2]
• Nucleus: Structural Components of the Nucleus
• Nucleus: The Nuclear Membrane
• 3 [1]
• Nucleus: Functions of the Nucleus, Structure and Function of Nuclear Sub-Compartments

Mitochondria[20 Notes, 30%]

• 1 [1]
• Mitochondria
• 2 [2]
• Mitochondria: Structure and Composition, Functions
• Mitochondria: Semi-Autonomous Nature, Proteins Synthesized Within Mitochondria, Mitochondrial DNA, and Marker Enzymes, the Endosymbiotic Theory

Golgi Bodies[17 Notes, 25%]

• 1 [1]
• Golgi Complex
• 2 [1]
• Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles

Lysosomes[15 Notes, 22%]

• 1 [1]
• Lysosomes
• 2 [1]
• Lysosomes: Functions, Polymorphism in Lysosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum[13 Notes, 18%]

• 1 [1]
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• 2 [1]
• Structural Organization and Intracellular Organelles

Peroxisomes[11 Notes, 14%]

• 1 [1]
• Peroxisomes: Functions- Assembly of Peroxisomes, Beta- Oxidation
• 2 [1]
• Cellular Organization: Peroxisomes

Plastids[9 Notes, 12%]

• 1 [1]
• Plastid: Types of Plastid, Functions of Plastids
• 2 [1]
• Cellular Organization: Plastids & Its Types

Vacuoles[7 Notes, 9%]

• 1 [2]
• Cellular Organization: Vacuoles
• Vacuoles: Primary Functions, the Origin of Vocuoles

Chloroplast[5 Notes, 8%]

• 1 [2]
• Chloroplast
• Chloroplasts: Structure and Composition, Functions
• 2 [1]
• Chloroplasts: Semiautonomous Nature, Origin of Chloroplast, Chloroplast DNA, Marker Enzymes in Chloroplast

Structure & Function of Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Motility[2 Notes, 4%]

• 1 [2]
• Cellular Organization: Microtubules, Microfilaments
• Structure & Function of Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Motility

Operon[13 Notes, 17%]

• 1 [1]
• Operon: Concept of Operon
• 2 [1]
• Operon: Tryptophan Operon

Unique and Repetitive DNA[11 Notes, 15%]

• 1 [1]
• Unique and Repetitive DNA

Interrupted Genes[10 Notes, 13%]

• 1 [1]
• Interrupted Gene

Gene Families[9 Notes, 12%]

• 1 [1]
• Gene Families: Othologous Gene Families, Paralogous Gene Families
• 2 [1]
• Gene Families: Multigene Families, Pseudogenes

Structure of Chromatin and Chromosomes[7 Notes, 9%]

• 1 [1]
• Structure of Chromatin and Chromosomes

Heterochromatin[6 Notes, 8%]

• 1 [1]
• Heterochromatin: Formation of Chromatin Fibre
• 2 [1]
• Heterochromatin: Constitutive Chromatin

Euchromatin[4 Notes, 6%]

• 1 [1]
• Euchromatin: Concept of Euchromatin

Transposons[3 Notes, 4%]

• 1 [2]
• Transposons: Transposons and Retrotransposons, Drosophila Transposons
• Transposons: Mechanism of Transposition, Types of Transposable Elements
• 2 [1]
• Transposons: Importance of Transposable Elements

Mitosis and Meiosis[10 Notes, 12%]

• 1 [3]
• Mitosis (Equational Division)
• Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 1: Karyokinesis
• Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 2: Cytokinesis
• 2 [1]
• Meiosis: Biological Significance of Meiosis

Steps in Cell Cycle[6 Notes, 8%]

• 1 [1]
• Steps of the Cell Cycle: Determining the Duration of the S-Phase

Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle[5 Notes, 6%]

• 1 [1]
• Regulation of Cell Cycle: Cell Cycle Checkpoints
• 2 [1]
• Regulation of Cell Cycle: Role of Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle, Regulation of Cell Cycle by Protein Kinase
• 3 [1]
• Regulation of Cell Cycle: Mechanism of Cdk Regulation, Important Components of Cdk Regulation
• 4 [1]
• Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
• 5 [1]
• Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Regulatory Proteins, Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors, Anaphase Promoting Complex

Growth Yield and Characteristics[6 Notes, 8%]

• 1 [1]
• Growth Yield and Characteristics
• 2 [2]
• Microbial Physiology: Microbial Growth Yield, Binary Fission in Bacteria
• Microbial Physiology: Phases of Bacterial Growth, Measurement of Bacterial Growth, Bacterial Nutrition, Culture Media
• 3 [1]
• Microbial Physiology: Physical Classification, Chemical Classification, Functional Classification, Influence of Environmental Factor on Growth, Stress Response Mechanisms in Bacteria

Stress Response[2 Notes, 2%]

• 1 [2]
• Stress Response: Concept, Heat Shock Response
• Stress Response: Cold Shock Response, Osmotic Stress Response, Nutrient Limitation Response