Study Material Page 40 of 51 | Sources of Knowledge (Epistemology) | CUET (Common University Entrance Test) PG Philosophy (HUQP16) | Covers Complete Syllabus

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Vyapti is a state of pervasion and implies a co-relation between vyapya [one that has been pervaded] and the vyapaka [one that pervades].
An object is considered to pervade another object when it accompanies the other whereas an object is considered to be pervaded when it is accompanied by the other object.
For instance, smoke is pervaded by fire for it is accompanied by fire but not all fiery objects are smoky.
The invariable concomitant relation between hetu and …

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Sabda or verbal testimony is one of the valid sources of knowledge which needs to come from valid authoritarian person. Sabd is a word for the pada is employed and a vakya is a group of words.
For instance, Cow is black. However, a word is understood in virtue of its sakti or power which is the will of God. Hence, sakti is the characteristic of word.
According to Bhasapariccheda, knowledge of words is the karana of verbal understanding; knowledge is dvara, i.e.. recollection …

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