Classification of Perception: Kinds of Perception, the Ordinary or Laukika Perception is of Two Kinds

Kinds of Perception

For Nyaya school perception is of two kinds:

• These two are also known as, ordinary perception and extra-ordinary perception.
• According to Nyayaikas, the distinction between these two depends upon the way the senses encountered their objects.
• In the case of laukika or ordinary perception, there is the usual sense-object contact.
• In the case of alaukika or extra-ordinary perception, the object is not ordinarily presented to the sense organ. In other words, the object …

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The Concept of Samvara and Nirjara

Understanding Samvara and Nirjara

• According to Jainism, the bondage of the soul occurs when it is associated with matter or pudgala.
• In other words, bondage is the union of matter with soul. So, liberation is nothing but complete annihilation, separation, or disassociation of matter from the soul.

This is possible in two ways:

• By stopping the influx of matter into the soul which is called Samvara.
• By complete elimination or annihilation of matter which is associated with the soul which is called Nirjara.

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