Lecture 86 of 157: Thyroid, Parathyroid and Metabolism (15 mins) | CUET (Common University Entrance Test) PG Life Science[Biotech, Microbio, Biochem] (SCQP17) | Complete Video Course 157 Lectures [108 hrs : 47 mins]
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Thyroid: found at the base of the throat
Produces two hormones:
1. Thyroid hormone- metabolic hormone
2. Calcitonin- responds to high calcium levels
Parathyroids: tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid
Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Responds to low calcium levels
Major metabolic hormone
Increases metabolic rate and heat production (calorigenic effect)
Regulation of tissue growth and development
Development of skeletal and nervous systems
Reproductive capabilities
Maintenance of blood pressure
Hyposecretion in adults β myxedema; goiter if due to lack of iodine
Hyposecretion in infants β cretinism
Hypersecretion β most common type is Graves disease
Four to eight tiny glands embedded in posterior aspect of thyroid
Contain oxyphil cells (function unknown) and parathyroid cells that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) orparathormone
PTH β most important hormone in Ca2 + homeostasis
Hyperparathyroidism due to tumor
Bones soften and deform
Elevated Ca2 + depresses nervous system and contributes to formation of kidney stones
Hypoparathyroidism following gland trauma or removal or dietary magnesium deficiency
Results in tetany, respiratory paralysis, and death
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