Bryophyta

KINGDOM – PLANTAE

All the multicellular eukaryotic plants are placed in Kingdom-Plantae. They are autotrophic i.e.. they manufacture their food by photosynthesis.

Following plant groups are included in Kingdom-Plantae

(1) ALGAE

(2) BRYOPHYTA

(3) PTERIDOPHYTA

(4) GYMNOSPERM

(5) ANGIOSPERM

About Bryophyta

• The term “Bryophyta” was proposed by “Robert Braun”.
• The study of Bryophytes is known as Bryology.
• Hedwig is considered to be the father of Bryology. But accor…

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General Characteristics of Bryophyta

• Bryophytes are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom, because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. They usually occur in damp, humid and shaded localities.
• Bryophytes are not considered as the successful land plants because vascular tissue is absent and they need water for fertilization. Due to the absence of vascular tissue bryophytes cannot grow very tall. The process of water conduction in bryophytes takes pl…

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Life Cycle of Bryophytes

• The life cycle of bryophytes consists of two distinct phases - the gametophytic phase and the sporophytic phase.
• The plant in bryophyte is gametophyte and is haploid, dominant, long lived, green and independent while the sporophyte is diploid and short lived and dependent upon gametophyte.
• Sex organs are formed on gametophyte. Sex organs are multicellular and jacketed in bryophytes. Male sex organs are called as antheridium and female sex organs are called as …

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Reproduction in Bryophyta.

Note: Asexual reproduction is completely absent in bryophytes.

Vegetative reproduction

• Bryophytes largely multiply by means of vegetative reproduction and form special structures such as tubers, gemmae bulbils etc.

Sexual reproduction

• Sexual reproduction is oogamous and sex organs are multicellular.
• The male reproductive organ is called antheridium and it consist…

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Classification of Bryophyta

Bryophyta, represent a group of plants that includes liverworts, hornworts and mosses growing predominantly in amphibious environment. Bryophytes are classified into three classes namely Hepaticopsida, Antherocerotopsida and Bryopsida.

Class 1. Hepaticae or Hepaticopsida:

1. Gametophytic plant body is either thalloid or foliose. If foliose, the lateral appendages (leaves) are without mid-rib. Always dorsiventral.

2. Rhi…

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