Classification of Gymnosperms

Class I: Cycadophyta

Class Cycadophyta includes both fossil and living forms.

The stem is unbranched and stumpy.

Leaves are large and pinnately compound.

Male cones are large and compact with simple microsporophylls.

Female cones are loosely packed and each of them is pinnate.

Megasporophyll simple, ovules are comparatively large.

Anatomically the stem is with wide cortex.

Wood is manoxylic.

Class Cycadophyta consists of TH…

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Cycadophyta

• The plants of this group are megaphyllous or macrophyllus with circinate vernation.
• Primitive group and represented by small plants.
• Male cones are large with compactly arranged microsporophylls while megasporophylls are loosely arranged.
• Presence of Ramenta.
• Male gamete is motile.
• Vascular bundles are hadrocentric in fossil members.
• Stem is caudex and wood is manoxylic.

Cycadofilicales

• This order is completely extinct. Plant of t…

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Coniferophyta

• The plant of this group included larger dominant gymnosperms.
• Coniferophyta Division is made up of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs.
• The members of this group produce ovules that mature into seeds. These ovules and seeds are found on the upper surfaces of scale structures which often are clustered into “cones”.
• Wood is pycnoxylic.
• Sporophylls form cones.
• Seeds are bilaterally symmetrical.

Ginkgoales

• It is the oldest order of Co…

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