View 837 Notes (Detailed) On CUET (Common University Entrance Test) PG Botany (SCQP07)
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We have 837 Notes in CUET (Common University Entrance Test) PG Botany (SCQP07) course arranged below by topic-subtopic. Topic-wise count & %effort is given in brackets. Green bars show topic progress as you mark the titles complete (Show me howâť“).
Overall Progress%
Phycology and Microbiology[837 Notes, 5%]
- 1 [1]
- Abscisic Acid; ABA Biosynthesis, ABA Inactivation, ABA Transport, Physiological Effects of ABA
- 2 [1]
- Aquaporins: Aquaporins Structure, Subcellular Localization of Aquaporin Subgroups, Functional Role of Aquaporins in Plant Growth and Development
- 3 [1]
- Aquaporins; Biosynthesis of IAA, IAA Inactivation, IAA Transport, Physiological Effects of Auxins, Auxin Perception and Signaling
- 4 [1]
- Brassinosteroids: Biosynthesis, Inactivation, Signaling, Effects of Brassinosteroids on Plant Growth, Effects of Brassinosteroids in Immune Responses of Plants
- 5 [1]
- Cytokinins: Biosynthesis, Inactivation of Cytokinins, Cytokinin Transport
- 6 [1]
- Gibberellins: Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Gibberellins, Gibberellins Signaling
- 7 [1]
- Jasmonic Acid: Biosynthesis, Conjugation and Storage
- 8 [2]
- Characteristics of Prokaryotes (Kingdom-Monera)
- Introduction to Eubacteria
- 9 [2]
- Structure of Eubacteria
- Cytoplasmic Organelles
- 10 [5]
- Staining of Bacteria
- Nutrition in Bacteria
- Heterotrophs
- Respiration
- Reproduction
- 11 [2]
- Economic Importance of Bacteria - Harmful Activities
- Useful Activities of Bacteria
- 12 [2]
- Actinomycetes - Filamentous Bacteria
- Blue Green Algae (B. G. A)
- 13 [4]
- Points to Remember
- Economic Importance of BGA
- Archaebacteria
- Bacteria Included in Archaebacteria
- 14 [3]
- Kingdom Protista
- Nutrition
- Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Reproduction & Types
- 15 [3]
- Life Cycle of Protist
- Division - Pyrrophyta - Class Dinophyceae -Dinoflagellates
- Division - Chrysophyta/Bacillariophyta - Class - Bacillariophyceae – Diatoms
- 16 [2]
- Division - Euglenophyta - Euglenoids
- Slime Moulds
- 17 [2]
- Kingdom - Plantae
- Algae
- 18 [2]
- Pigmentation
- Reproduction in Algae
- 19 [4]
- Vegetative Reproduction in Algae
- Asexual Reproduction in Algae
- Sexual Reproduction in Algae
- Classification of Algae
- 20 [2]
- Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
- Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
- 21 [3]
- Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Habitat of Some Important Algae
- Thallophyta
- 22 [5]
- Merits and Demerits of Two-Kingdom Classification
- Classification of Viruses
- History of Viruses
- Characteristic Features of Viruses
- Morphology and Structure of Viruses
- 23 [2]
- Symmetry of Viruses
- Bacteriophage Virus
- 24 [2]
- Life Cycle of Bacteriophages
- Applications of Phage Particles
- 25 [3]
- Plant Diseases by Viruses
- Nomenclature of Virus
- Mycoplasma
- 26 [3]
- Structure of Mycoplasma
- General Characters of Mycoplasma
- Reproduction in Mycoplasma
- 27 [2]
- Symptoms of Plant Diseases by Mycoplasma
- Plant Group - Algae
- 28 [1]
- Lichens, Viruses and Viroids
- 29 [1]
- Five Kingdom Classification, Monera
- 30 [1]
- Protista, Five Kingdom Classification
- 31 [1]
- “Unveiling the Microscopic Realm: A Comprehensive Exploration of Viruses, Viroids, and Prions” (Part 1)
- 32 [1]
- “Unveiling the Microscopic Realm: A Comprehensive Exploration of Viruses, Viroids, and Prions” (Part 2)
Biomolecules and Cell Biology[770 Notes, 11%]
- 1 [2]
- Endosomes, Definition: Organization, Roles, Phagocytosis, Types
- Hydrogen Some: Evolutionary Significance
- 2 [1]
- Nuclear Pore Complex: Structure, Transport
- 3 [2]
- Cellular Organization: Brief Note on Cell and Its Outer Protective Layer, Plasma Membrane, Fluid Mosaic Model, Formation of Thermodynamically Favoured Enclosed Lipid Bilayers
- Cellular Organization: Formation of Micelle, Synthetic Bilayers, Phospholipid Movement, Molecules Aiding Membrane Integrity
- 4 [1]
- Plastid: Types of Plastid, Functions of Plastids
- 5 [1]
- Active Transport
- 6 [1]
- Cell Wall
- 7 [2]
- Chloroplast
- Electrical Properties of Membranes
- 8 [1]
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 9 [1]
- Golgi Complex
- 10 [1]
- Membrane Lipids
- 11 [1]
- Lysosomes
- 12 [1]
- Membrane Pumps
- 13 [1]
- Mitochondria
- 14 [2]
- Cellular Organization: Vacuoles
- Cellular Organization: Osmosis Ion Channels
- 15 [2]
- Cellular Organization: Plastids & Its Types
- Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
- 16 [1]
- Cellular Organization: Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles
- 17 [3]
- Mitosis (Equational Division)
- Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 1: Karyokinesis
- Mitosis (Equational Division) Stages of M Phase Stage 2: Cytokinesis
- 18 [1]
- Cell Wall: Chemical Nature of Cell Wall, Structure of Cell Wall, Functions of Cell Wall, Bacterial Cell Wall
- 19 [2]
- Chloroplasts: Structure and Composition, Functions
- Chloroplasts: Semiautonomous Nature, Origin of Chloroplast, Chloroplast DNA, Marker Enzymes in Chloroplast
- 20 [1]
- Structural Organization and Intracellular Organelles
- 21 [1]
- Structural Organization and Function of Intracellular Organelles
- 22 [1]
- Meiosis: Biological Significance of Meiosis
- 23 [2]
- Mitochondria: Structure and Composition, Functions
- Mitochondria: Semi-Autonomous Nature, Proteins Synthesized Within Mitochondria, Mitochondrial DNA, and Marker Enzymes, the Endosymbiotic Theory
- 24 [2]
- Nucleus: Structural Components of the Nucleus
- Nucleus: The Nuclear Membrane
- 25 [2]
- Nucleus: Functions of the Nucleus, Structure and Function of Nuclear Sub-Compartments
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- 26 [1]
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Role of Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle, Regulation of Cell Cycle by Protein Kinase
- 27 [1]
- Regulation of Cell Cycle: Mechanism of Cdk Regulation, Important Components of Cdk Regulation
- 28 [1]
- Steps of the Cell Cycle: Determining the Duration of the S-Phase
- 29 [1]
- Lysosomes: Functions, Polymorphism in Lysosomes
- 30 [1]
- Active Transport: ATP-Powered Pumps
- 31 [2]
- Active Transport: Sodium- Potassium Pump, Proton Pump
- Osmosis Ion Channels: Voltage-Gated Ion Channels, Ligand-Gated Ion, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (NAChR), Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (MAChR)
- 32 [2]
- Mechano-Gated Channels: Aquaporins, Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)
- Vacuoles: Primary Functions, the Origin of Vocuoles
- 33 [1]
- Growth Yield and Characteristics
- 34 [1]
- Electrical Properties of Membranes: Concept, Different Phases, Refractory Period, Graded Potential
- 35 [1]
- Membrane Pumps: Concept, ATP-Powered Pumps (Primary Active Transport), Electrochemical Gradient-Driven Pump, Proton Pumps
- 36 [1]
- Mechanism of Sorting and Regulation of Intracellular Transport: Concept, Co-Translational Translocation, Anterograde and Retrograde Sorting
- 37 [1]
- Mechanism of Sorting and Regulation of Intracellular Transport: Protein Sorting in Mitochondria, Lysosome & Peroxisomes
- 38 [1]
- Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Checkpoints, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
- 39 [1]
- Regulation and Control of Cell Cycle: Regulatory Proteins, Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors, Anaphase Promoting Complex
- 40 [2]
- Stress Response: Concept, Heat Shock Response
- Stress Response: Cold Shock Response, Osmotic Stress Response, Nutrient Limitation Response
- 41 [2]
- Microbial Physiology: Microbial Growth Yield, Binary Fission in Bacteria
- Microbial Physiology: Phases of Bacterial Growth, Measurement of Bacterial Growth, Bacterial Nutrition, Culture Media
- 42 [1]
- Microbial Physiology: Physical Classification, Chemical Classification, Functional Classification, Influence of Environmental Factor on Growth, Stress Response Mechanisms in Bacteria
- 43 [1]
- Cell Envelope, Cell Organelles - Structure and Function
- 44 [1]
- Biomolecules-Structure and Function
- 45 [1]
- Carbohydrates: Types
- 46 [1]
- Cell Wall, Endomembrane System-ER
- 47 [1]
- Enzymes - Types, Properties, Enzyme Action
- 48 [2]
- Ribosomes: Structure & Subunits
- Microbodies: Peroxisomes & Glyoxysomes
- 49 [1]
- “Chromatin Dynamics and Chromosome Architecture: Unraveling the Blueprint of Genetic Information”
- 50 [1]
- “Cell Membrane Dynamics: Exploring the Fluid Mosaic Model”
- 51 [1]
- Navigating the Cell Cycle: From Growth to Division (Part 1)
- 52 [2]
- Navigating the Cell Cycle: From Growth to Division (Part 2)
- “Unveiling the Marvels of Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the Cell and Beyond”
- 53 [1]
- “Unlocking the Secrets of Meiosis: A Comprehensive Journey through Cell Division” (Part 1)
- 54 [2]
- “Unlocking the Secrets of Meiosis: A Comprehensive Journey through Cell Division” (Part 2)
- “Exploring Cell Organelles: Lysosomes, Autophagy, and Vacuoles”
- 55 [1]
- “Lipids: Versatile Molecules in the Symphony of Life”
- 56 [1]
- “Golgi Apparatus: Orchestrating Cellular Logistics and Molecular Makeovers”
- 57 [1]
- “Proteins: A Comprehensive Overview of Amino Acid Structure, Peptide Bond Formation, and Protein Architecture”
- 58 [1]
- Plastids: Multifaceted Organelles in Plant Cells
- 59 [1]
- “Nucleolus Unveiled: The Orchestra of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis and Assembly”
- 60 [1]
- “Decoding the Blueprint: Understanding Nucleic Acids and Their Structural Elements”
- 61 [1]
- “Guardians of the Nucleus: Exploring the Nuclear Membrane and Its Components”
- 62 [1]
- “Mitosis Unveiled: A Symphony of Cell Division”
Mycology and Phytopathology[690 Notes, 4%]
- 1 [1]
- General Account of Infection in Plants
- 2 [2]
- Classification of Plant Diseases
- Mycotoxins: Introduction, Basics and Unique Properties
- 3 [1]
- Disease: Conditions Necessary for Disease, Stages in Development of Disease
- 4 [1]
- Major Plant Diseases
- 5 [2]
- General Account of Infection
- Major Plant Diseases
- 6 [3]
- Modes of Infection
- Molecular Basis of Infection
- Fungal Toxins
- 7 [1]
- Major Plant Diseases: Fungal Disease
- 8 [1]
- Algae
- 9 [1]
- Fungi
- 10 [2]
- Bryophytes
- Pteridophytes
- 11 [2]
- Gymnosperms
- Phanerogam Classification
- 12 [2]
- Classification of Gymnosperms
- Cycadales (“Cycads”)
- 13 [2]
- Coniferales: Classification of Coniferales by Sporne (1965)
- Gnetales
- 14 [1]
- Cycadofilicales
- 15 [1]
- Classification in Each Taxon: Concept, Domain, Kingdom
- 16 [1]
- Classification in Each Taxon: Phylum (For Animals) / Division (For Plants)
- 17 [1]
- Classification of Plants
- 18 [4]
- Kindom-Mycota Introduction
- Eumycota or True Fungi
- Heterothallic and Homothallic Species
- Reproduction: Vegetative, Sexual & Asexual Reproduction in Fungi
- 19 [3]
- Methods of Sexual Reproduction
- Classification of Fungi - Phycomycetes
- Classification of Fungi - Ascomycetes
- 20 [1]
- Classification of Fungi – Basidiomycetes
- 21 [3]
- Classification of Fungi - Deuteromycetes
- Introduction to Mycorrhiza
- Types of Mycorrhiza:
- 22 [3]
- Introduction to Lichens
- Habit and Habitat of Lichens
- Classification of Lichens
- 23 [3]
- Internal Structures of Lichens
- Vegetative Reproduction in Lichens
- Sexual Reproduction in Lichens
- 24 [3]
- Asexual Reproduction: By Oidia/By Conidia/By Pycnidiospores
- Economic Importance of Lichens
- Fungi, Five Kingdom Classification
Archegoniate[645 Notes, 3%]
- 1 [2]
- Gymnosperms
- Phanerogam Classification
- 2 [2]
- Classification of Gymnosperms
- Cycadales (“Cycads”)
- 3 [2]
- Coniferales: Classification of Coniferales by Sporne (1965)
- Detailed Life-History of Pinus and Reproductive Structures of Pinus
- 4 [1]
- Gnetales
- 5 [1]
- Cycadofilicales
- 6 [1]
- Cordaitales
- 7 [1]
- Bennettitales
- 8 [5]
- Bryophyta
- General Characteristics of Bryophyta
- Life Cycle of Bryophytes
- Reproduction in Bryophyta.
- Classification of Bryophyta
- 9 [3]
- Hepaticopsida – Liver Worts
- Anthocerotopsida – Hornworts
- Bryopsida or Musci – Mosses
- 10 [4]
- Economic Importance and Habitat of Bryophyta
- Introduction to Pteridophyta
- General Characters of Pteridophytes
- Life Cycle of Pteridophytes
- 11 [2]
- Classification of Pteridophytes
- Some Important Points About Pteridophytes
- 12 [4]
- Introduction to Gymnosperms
- Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
- Fertilization
- Development of Zygotes
- 13 [3]
- Classification of Gymnosperms
- Cycadophyta
- Coniferophyta
- 14 [2]
- Economic Importance of Gymnosperms
- Plant Group - Bryophytes
- 15 [1]
- Plant Group – Gymnosperms, Plant Group - Angiosperms
- 16 [1]
- Plant Group - Pteridophytes
Anatomy and Angiosperms[610 Notes, 3%]
- 1 [1]
- Palynology
- 2 [1]
- Magnoliaceae
- 3 [2]
- Ranunculaceae
- Brassicaceae
- 4 [1]
- Apiaceae or Umbelliferae
- 5 [2]
- Arecaceae (Palmae)
- General Characters: Important Genera, Economic Importance, Systematic Relationship
- 6 [1]
- Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family)
- 7 [1]
- Cucurbitaceae: Systematic Position, General Characters, Important Genera, Economic Importance
- 8 [2]
- Dipterocarpaceae
- Euphorbiaceae
- 9 [1]
- Liliaceae
- 10 [2]
- Malvaceae
- Poaceae (Gramineae)
- 11 [1]
- Rosaceae (Rose Family)
- 12 [2]
- Solanaceae
- Family Leguminosae: Special Features, Floral Characters, Systematic Position, Important Genera, Economic Importance
- 13 [2]
- Family Verbenaceae: Characteristics of the Verbenaceae, Vegetative Characters, Floral Characters, Systematic Position, Important Genera, Economic Importance
- Family Rubiaceae: Characters of Rubiaceae, Vegetative Characters, Floral Characters, Systematic Position
- 14 [1]
- Family Asteraceae: Characteristics of the Asteraceae, Floral Characters
- 15 [2]
- Development of Male and Female Gametophytes
- Polyembryony: Polyembryony in Different Groups
- 16 [1]
- Applications of Palynology: History, Techniques, Definition and Applications
- 17 [1]
- Floral Meristems and Floral Development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum
- 18 [1]
- Establishment of Symmetry in Plants
- 19 [1]
- Leaf Development and Phyllotaxy
- 20 [1]
- Organization of Shoot and Root Apical Meristem
- 21 [1]
- Shoot and Root Development
- 22 [1]
- Transition to Flowering
- 23 [1]
- General Introduction of Angiosperms
Economic Botany[580 Notes, Tiny]
- 1 [1]
- Latex, Plant Utility and Exploitation
- 2 [2]
- Cellulose: Polysaccharides, Cellulose
- Starch: Test, Biosynthesis, Importance
- 3 [2]
- Ethnobotany, Terminology: Applications, Significance
- Energy Plantation: Plants for Energy Plantation, Significance of Energy Plantations, Benefits
- 4 [1]
- Botanical Gardens and Herbaria: Significance
Genetics[574 Notes, 15%]
- 1 [2]
- Back Cross
- Mass Selection: Bulk Selection Procedure, Limitations
- 2 [1]
- Sex Determination: Role of Environmental Factors in Sex Determination, Chromosomal Theory
- 3 [2]
- Pedigree; Guidelines for Pedigree Analysis
- Capping: The Capping 5Őš Cap is Added to the Nascent RNA After the Initiation of Polymerase II
- 4 [1]
- Genetic Code: Characteristics of Genetic Code
- 5 [2]
- Genetic Code: Reason for Degeneracy, Discovery of Genetic Code
- Heterochromatin: Formation of Chromatin Fibre
- 6 [2]
- Heterochromatin: Constitutive Chromatin
- Polyadenylation: Poly A Addition- Cleavage and Polyadenylation
- 7 [1]
- RNA Editing: Addition of Uracil to RNA
- 8 [2]
- Crossing over
- Kinds, Frequency and Factors Affecting of Crossing over
- 9 [2]
- Deletion and Inversion
- Translocation
- 10 [2]
- Dominance
- Segregation
- 11 [2]
- Duplication
- Inversion
- 12 [1]
- Independent Assortment
- 13 [1]
- Inheritance of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes and Maternal Inheritance
- 14 [1]
- Linkage
- 15 [1]
- Alleles
- 16 [2]
- Notes Multiple Alleles, Multiple Allelic Blood Group Systems
- Linkage, Linkage Maps
- 17 [1]
- Multiple Alleles
- 18 [2]
- Complementation Test
- Basic Terms Used in Inheritance Studies
- 19 [1]
- Gene Interactions
- 20 [2]
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR): Genomic Imprinting
- Incomplete Dominance and Co – Dominance
- 21 [2]
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR): Penetrance and Expressivity
- Pleiotropy
- 22 [2]
- Pseudo-Allele
- Capping: Structure, Capping Process, Targeting, Function of the 5′ Cap, MRNA Capping in the Eukaryotes
- 23 [1]
- Elongation: The Process of Gene Expression Starts with Transcription, A GeneŐšs DNA Sequence is Transcribed into RNA During this Process, Initiation of Transcription, Transcription through the Nucleosomes, Elongation, Termination (Eukaryotic)
- 24 [1]
- Transcription Activator and Repressor
- 25 [2]
- Formation of Initiation Complex: Interaction between the DNA and Its Binding Proteins
- Formation of Initiation Complex: The DNA-Protein Interactions During Transcription Initiation Process
- 26 [1]
- RNA Polymerases
- 27 [1]
- Transcription Factors and Machinery: Transcription Factors
- 28 [2]
- Transcription Factors and Machinery: Transcription Machinery
- Homologous and Site-Specific Recombination: Homologous Recombination
- 29 [2]
- Homologous and Site-Specific Recombination: Site-Specific Recombination
- DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms
- 30 [1]
- Termination: Bacterial Transcription Termination, Eukaryotic Transcription Termination
- 31 [1]
- RNA Processing
- 32 [1]
- RNA Editing
- 33 [1]
- Splicing: Evolution, MRNA Splicing in Detail, Alternative Splicing, Splicing Errors and Variation
- 34 [1]
- Polyadenylation
- 35 [1]
- Structure and Function of Different Types of RNA
- 36 [1]
- RNA Transport
- 37 [1]
- Ribosome
- 38 [1]
- Formation of Initiation Complex
- 39 [1]
- Initiation Factors and Their Regulation
- 40 [1]
- Elongation and Elongation Factors
- 41 [1]
- Termination: ERF-1 and ERF-3 Interactions & Ternary Complex Formation, Recognition of Stop Codon, Regulation of Termination, Regulation of Termination, New Insights and Factors
- 42 [1]
- Genetic Code
- 43 [1]
- Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication
- 44 [1]
- Extrachromosomal Replicons
- 45 [1]
- Aminoacylation of TRNA: Aminoacyl-TRNA Synthesis Evolution
- 46 [2]
- Aminoacylation of TRNA: Aminoacylation
- Fidelity of Replication: Base Substitution Fidelity
- 47 [2]
- Fidelity of Replication: Replication Errors Involving the Strand Misalignments, Accessory Proteins Contribution to Fidelity, Multiprotein Replication Complexes Fidelity, DNA Repair Fidelity
- TRNA Identity
- 48 [1]
- Aminoacyl TRNA Synthetase
- 49 [1]
- Translational Proof-Reading
- 50 [1]
- Translational Inhibitors
- 51 [1]
- Post- Translational Modification of Proteins
- 52 [1]
- Replication Origin and Replication Fork
- 53 [2]
- Unit of Replication
- Transposons: Transposons and Retrotransposons, Drosophila Transposons
- 54 [1]
- Transposons: Mechanism of Transposition, Types of Transposable Elements
- 55 [1]
- Transposons: Importance of Transposable Elements
- 56 [1]
- Inheritance Biology, Extensions of Mendelian Principles, Codominance
- 57 [1]
- Phenocopy in Mendelian Principles
- 58 [1]
- Development of Mapping Population in Plants
- 59 [2]
- Development of Mapping Population in Plants: Steps to Develop Mapping Populations in Plants
- Interrupted Gene
- 60 [1]
- Linkage Maps: Genetic Linkage, Concept, Types
- 61 [1]
- Ploidy and Their Genetic Implications
- 62 [1]
- Euchromatin: Concept of Euchromatin
- 63 [1]
- Gene Families: Othologous Gene Families, Paralogous Gene Families
- 64 [2]
- Gene Families: Multigene Families, Pseudogenes
- Operon: Concept of Operon
- 65 [2]
- Operon: Tryptophan Operon
- Unique and Repetitive DNA
- 66 [1]
- Homologous and Non-Homologous Recombination
- 67 [1]
- Structure of Chromatin and Chromosomes
- 68 [1]
- DNA Finger Printing
- 69 [1]
- DNA Packaging
- 70 [1]
- Central Dogma in Inheritance: DNA Replication
- 71 [1]
- Genetic Code: Concept, Discovery of the Checker Board for Genetic Codon, Effect of Mutation
- 72 [1]
- Genome and Human Genome Project
- 73 [1]
- Lac Operon: Mechanism of Regulation, Catabolite Repression
- 74 [1]
- Linkage and Crossing over
- 75 [2]
- Mendelian Disorders in Humans-Thalassemia
- Structure of DNA and RNA
- 76 [1]
- Transcription: Transcription Unit, Transcription in Prokaryotes, Transcription in Eukaryotes, Processing of MRNA
- 77 [2]
- Chromosomes and Genes, Difference
- Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
- 78 [2]
- Co-Dominance in Blood Groups
- Multiple Allelism and Starch Synthesis in Pea
- 79 [2]
- ABO Blood Grouping and Its Types
- Incomplete Dominance
- 80 [2]
- Mendelian Inheritance, Pea Plants
- Monohybrid, Dihybrid Cross and MendelŐšs Law of Inheritance
- 81 [1]
- Pleiotropy: Concept and Examples
- 82 [2]
- DNA as Genetic Material
- Nucleotide and Its Types
- 83 [1]
- Gene Expression and Regulation
- 84 [1]
- Translation and Structure, Translation
Molecular Biology[462 Notes, 10%]
- 1 [2]
- Structure of Atom: Chemical Bond, Covalent Bond, Non Covalent Bonds
- Composition, Structure and Function of Monosaccharides
- 2 [1]
- Carbohydrate Introduction: Types of Carbohydrates
- 3 [1]
- Composition, Structure and Function of Oligosaccharide: Lactose, Sucrose
- 4 [2]
- Carbohydrates Glossary: Carbohydrate Composition, Aldehyde and Ketones
- Carbohydrates Glossary 2: Isomer, Stereoisomer, Enantiomer, Diastereomers, Epimer, Anomer
- 5 [1]
- Composition, Structure and Function of Hetero Polysaccharide: Mucopolysaccharides or Glycosaminoglycan (GAGŐšs), Types of GAGŐšs, Dermatin Sulphate, Keratin Sulphate, Heparin, Glycoproteins
- 6 [1]
- Composition, Structure and Function of Polysaccharide
- 7 [2]
- Functions of Polysaccharides Storage and Polysaccharide
- Glycoprotein, Classification of Glycoproteins, N-Glycosylation
- 8 [1]
- Glycoprotein Functions, Diseases Associated with Glycoproteins
- 9 [1]
- Lipids Glosarry: Fatty Acid, Types of Fatty Acid, Triglycerides, Nomenclature of Fatty Acid, Isomerism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- 10 [2]
- Neutral Glycosphingolipids or Glycosphingolipids, Lipoproteins
- Composition, Structure and Function of Biomolecules: Complex Lipids, Types of Phospholipids, Phosphatidic Acid [PA], Phosphatidyl Choline, Functions, Phosphatidylinositol, Plasmalogens, Cardiolipin, Structure of Cardiolipin
- 11 [2]
- Sphingolipids, Sphingomyelin, Glycolipids, Glyceroglycolipid
- Derived Lipids, Steroid Nucleus or Gonane, Cis Isomer and Trans Isomer
- 12 [1]
- Simple Lipids, Characteristics of Fats and Oils, Types of Soap
- 13 [2]
- Fatty Acids, Essential Fatty Acids, Importance of EFA
- Oils and Fats, Iodine Number, Saponification Number: Significance, Reichert Meissel Number of Fat
- 14 [2]
- Simple Lipids, Formation of Triglycerides, Functions of Triglycerides
- Waxes, Natural Wax, Importance of Wax Cosmetic Industry
- 15 [2]
- Classification of Lipids: Simple Lipids, Complex Lipids, Derived Lipids
- Zoosterols, Cholesterol, Different Types of Cholesterol, Cholesterol Level in Normal, Understanding Liver and Cholesterol, Cholesterol Structure
- 16 [2]
- Derived Lipids, Steroids, Depending on Type of Subsitutent, Ergosterol an Antifungal Drug Target
- Lipids: Derived Lipids
- 17 [2]
- Lipids: Mechanism of Cardiac Glycoside
- Derived Lipids - Phytosterols
- 18 [1]
- Protein
- 19 [2]
- Misellinous Concepts of Lipids
- The 20 Biological Amino Acids: Standard Aminoacids, Non-Standard Aminoacids, Functions of Aminoacids
- 20 [2]
- Properties of Aminoacids; Physical Prorties of Proteins, Isoelectric Point (PI), Calculations of PI, Chemical Properties of Proteins
- Double Helical Structure of DNA: Minor Groove
- 21 [3]
- Molecular Chaperones: Molecular Chaperones
- Molecular Chaperones: Heat Shock Proteins, Chaperonins
- Nucleic Acid Composition: Composition, Structure and Function of Biomolecules-Nucleic Acids
- 22 [3]
- Nucleic Acid Composition: A Nitrogenous Base, Chemistry of Purines and Pyrimidine
- Nucleic Acid Composition: Chemical Names and Structure of Purines and Pyrimidines
- Nucleic Acid Composition and Forms of DNA: A Pentose Sugar, A Phosphate Group
- 23 [2]
- Nucleic Acid Composition and Forms of DNA: Different Forms of DNA
- Proteins Folding and Denaturation: Protein Folding
- 24 [3]
- Proteins Folding and Denaturation: Protein Denaturation, Important Points to Remember
- Secondary Structure of Proteins: Secondary Structure of Proteins, Types
- Secondary Structure of Proteins: Formation of Hydrogen Bond in Alpha Helix
- 25 [3]
- Secondary Structure of Proteins, Super Secondary Structure of Proteins: The Beta Sheet
- Secondary Structure of Proteins, Super Secondary Structure of Proteins: Terms That We Come Across Mostly in Secondary Structures of Proteins, Importance
- Primary Structure of Proteins: Proteins, Structure of Proteins
- 26 [2]
- Primary Structure of Proteins: Importance of Protein, Primary Structure
- Quaternary Structure of Proteins: Structure of Hemoglobin
- 27 [3]
- Quaternary Structure of Proteins: Hemoglobin Showing All Four Structures of Protein
- Super Secondary Structures, Ramachandran Plot: Examples of Secondary Structure of Protein, Secondary Structure of Proteins
- Super Secondary Structures, Ramachandran Plot: Ramchandran Plot, Factors That Affect Ramachandran Plot Conformation
- 28 [2]
- Teritary Structure of Protein: Forces That Hold Protein in Teritary Structure
- Teritary Structure of Protein: Classification of Proteins
- 29 [1]
- Introduction of Bio-Informatics: Where It is Used? , Databases for Bioinformatics- 1000 Genomes Browser, BLAST, ClinVar, DbSNP, DbVar, DbGaP, Gene, Genome, MedGen, Nucleotide, Protein
- 30 [2]
- Monosaccharides: Monosaccharides and Properties of Monosaccharide
- Amino Acids, Nucleotides and Vitamins
- 31 [1]
- Vitamins: Fat Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin A (Retinol) And Water-Soluble Vitamins
- 32 [2]
- Cholesterol
- Fatty Acids
- 33 [2]
- Vitamins and Coenzymes
- Vitamins
- 34 [2]
- Water Soluble Vitamins
- Secondary Structure of Proteins and Ramachandran Plot
- 35 [2]
- T-RNA: Key Features, Mechanism of Amino Acid Attachment to TRNA
- Helix (A, B, Z)
- 36 [1]
- Metabolism of Carbohydrates
- 37 [2]
- Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis
- Motif and Folds: Concept, Folds
- 38 [1]
- Domains: Concept, Sh3 and Zinc Finger
- 39 [2]
- Micro-RNA: Concept, Targets, and Transcript of MiRNA
- Micro-RNA: Nuclear Processing of Mi-RNA, MiRNA Induced Silencing
- 40 [2]
- Microbial Production of Vitamins
- Production of Amino Acids
- 41 [1]
- Microbial Production of Proteins
- 42 [1]
- Industrial Production of Ethanol by Fermentation
- 43 [1]
- Plant Tissue Culture Techniques: Stages and Applications
- 44 [1]
- Techniques for Micropropagation: Plant Cell Culture, Micropropagation, Haploidy, Callus Culture and Artificial Seeds
- 45 [1]
- Techniques for Micropropagation: Somaclonal Variation, Protoplast Fusion & Cybrids
- 46 [1]
- Animal Cell Culture: Requirements and Growth of Animal Cell Culture
- 47 [1]
- Primary Cell Culture
- 48 [1]
- Enzymatic and Mechanical Disaggregation
- 49 [1]
- Organ Culture
- 50 [1]
- Techniques for the Mass Culture of Animal Cell Lines
- 51 [1]
- Monolayer Culture
- 52 [1]
- Application of Animal Cell Culture
- 53 [1]
- Hybridoma Technology
- 54 [1]
- Heterosis and Related Concepts
- 55 [1]
- Hybridization
- 56 [2]
- Clonal Selection: Method, Merit and Demerit
- Wide Hybridization and Barriers to Crossing
Plant Ecology and Phytogeography[372 Notes, 20%]
- 1 [2]
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms)
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Classification by Ronald Good
- 2 [4]
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Engler Classification, Newbigin Classification
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Takhtajan Classification
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): UdvardyŐšs Classification, Classification of Plants Based on Environmental Conditions
- Deforestation: Extent of Deforestation
- 3 [4]
- Deforestation: Causes of Deforestation, Problems of Deforestation
- Deforestation: Conservation of Forests
- Deforestation: Notable Efforts
- Social Forestry: Elements of Social Forestry
- 4 [3]
- Social Forestry: Objectives and Benefits of Social Forestry
- Social Forestry: Species Used for Social Forestry
- Social Forestry: Types of Social Forestry
- 5 [4]
- Social Forestry: Constraints of Social Forestry
- Agroforestry Versus Social Forestry
- Principles of Ecology: Ecology
- Principles of Ecology: Ecological Hierarchy
- 6 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Ecosystem
- 7 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Classification of Ecosystem
- 8 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Food Chain and Food Web
- 9 [3]
- Principles of Ecology: Energy Flow and Pyramids
- Principles of Ecology: Productivity
- Principles of Ecology: Nutrient Cycles or Biogeochemical Cycles
- 10 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Ecological Succession
- 11 [1]
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Climate Change
- 12 [2]
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Greenhouse Effect
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Global Warming
- 13 [1]
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Reduction in Biodiversity (Levels, Importance & Threat)
- 14 [1]
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Reduction in Biodiversity (IUCN & Indian Scenario)
- 15 [1]
- Environmental Hazards and Remedial Measures: Conserving Biodiversity
- 16 [2]
- Environmental Management: Environmental Conservation, Environmental Restoration
- Concepts and Components of Environment
- 17 [1]
- Ecological Pyramid: Ecosystem Ecology
- 18 [1]
- Ecological Pyramid: Ecosystem Productivity, Ecological Pyramid, Critique
- 19 [1]
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- 20 [1]
- Concepts, Types and Distribution of Biodiversity
- 21 [1]
- Biodiversity Hotspots and Hope Spots
- 22 [1]
- IUCN and Red List
- 23 [1]
- Conservation of Biodiversity Act, 2002: Loss & Cause, Conservation & BiCCI
- 24 [1]
- Environmental Movements, Chipko, Narmada and Silent Valley Movement
- 25 [1]
- Deforestation and Man and Animal Conflict in India
- 26 [1]
- Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- 27 [1]
- National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
- 28 [1]
- Conservation of Biodiversity Act, 2002: Necessity, Threats of Biodiversity, Objectives, Salient Features, Proposed Institutional Mechanism, Activities for Permission, Weakness, Criticism
- 29 [1]
- Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation – Hotspots, Species Extinction
- 30 [1]
- Introduction to Ecology
- 31 [2]
- Ecology-An Interdisciplinary Science: History
- Bio-Geo Chemical Cycle: History, Process, System, Elements
- 32 [1]
- Concept of Eco Tone, Edge Effects Ecological Niche and Habitats
- 33 [1]
- Ecological Pyramids
- 34 [1]
- Ecological Pyramids: Definition, Types, Examples, Function
- 35 [1]
- The Earth System and Its Components
- 36 [1]
- Ecosystems - Structural and Functions
- 37 [2]
- Ecosystem Development
- Ecological Pyramids-Pyramid of Number, Biomass & Energy
- 38 [2]
- Ecological Succession
- Earths Major Biomes: Distribution and Biotic Components
- 39 [2]
- Ecosystem – Components
- Forest Ecosystem
- 40 [1]
- Grasslands Ecosystem
- 41 [2]
- Concept of Ecosystem Management
- Types of Forest: Evergreen Forests, Dry Deciduous Forests, Moist Deciduous Forests, Scrub and Thorn Forest, Desert, Mangrove Forests, Himalayan Forests
- 42 [2]
- Sovereign Rights: Key Aspects of Sovereign Rights
- Intellectual Property Rights: Features of Intellectual Property Rights
- 43 [2]
- The Hydrological Cycle and the Aquatic Ecosystems (Freshwater & Marine)
- Types of Aquatic Ecosystems-Coastal & Marine Pelagic
- 44 [2]
- Ecology-An Interdisciplinary Science: History
- Bio-Geo Chemical Cycle: History, Process, System, Elements
- 45 [1]
- Ecological Pyramids
- 46 [1]
- Ecological Pyramids: Definition, Types, Examples, Function
- 47 [2]
- Concept of the Climax
- The Earth System and Its Components
- 48 [1]
- Ecosystems - Structural and Functions
- 49 [2]
- Ecosystem Development
- Ecological Pyramids-Pyramid of Number, Biomass & Energy
- 50 [1]
- Energy Flow in Ecosystem
- 51 [2]
- Biomes
- Earths Major Biomes: Distribution and Biotic Components
- 52 [2]
- Ecosystem – Components
- Ecosystem: Terrestrial & Aquatic
- 53 [1]
- Forest Ecosystem
- 54 [2]
- Desert Ecosystem
- Grasslands Ecosystem
- 55 [1]
- Introduction to Ecology
- 56 [4]
- Global Distribution of Plants and Animals: Biogeographical Regionalization
- Global Distribution of Plants and Animals: Factors Affecting Global Distribution of Plants and Animals
- Global Distribution of Plants and Animals: Distribution of Plants and Animals
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms)
- 57 [1]
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Classification by Ronald Good
- 58 [4]
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Engler Classification, Newbigin Classification
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): Takhtajan Classification
- Distribution of Terrestrial Plants (Floristic Kingdoms): UdvardyŐšs Classification, Classification of Plants Based on Environmental Conditions
- Distribution of Terrestrial and Avian Animals (Faunal Realms): MerriamŐšs Classification, SclaterŐšs Classification
- 59 [2]
- Distribution of Terrestrial and Avian Animals (Faunal Realms): Wallace Distribution
- Distribution of Terrestrial and Avian Animals (Faunal Realms): Karl P. Schmidt Distribution, Cox Classification
- 60 [3]
- Distribution of Terrestrial and Avian Animals (Faunal Realms): KuschelŐšs Classification, SmithŐšs Classification, Proches Classification, Kreft and Jetz Classification
- Distribution of Terrestrial and Avian Animals (Faunal Realms): Proches and Ramdhani Classification, Classification of Animals Based on Environmental Conditions
- Distribution of Aquatic Plants and Animals: Sven EkmanŐšs Classification, Forbes Classification
- 61 [2]
- Distribution of Aquatic Plants and Animals: SchmardaŐšs Classification
- Other Biogeographic Classifications: Major Genecenters (Vavilov Centers of Diversity)
- 62 [3]
- Other Biogeographic Classifications: MacArthur and WilsonŐšs Method, RapoportŐšs Classification, PielouŐšs Classification, MullerŐšs Classification, MorroneŐšs Classification
- Principles of Ecology: Ecology
- Principles of Ecology: Ecological Hierarchy
- 63 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Ecosystem
- 64 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Classification of Ecosystem
- 65 [1]
- Principles of Ecology: Food Chain and Food Web
- 66 [3]
- Principles of Ecology: Energy Flow and Pyramids
- Principles of Ecology: Productivity
- Principles of Ecology: Nutrient Cycles or Biogeochemical Cycles
- 67 [2]
- Principles of Ecology: Biomagnification
- Concepts and Components of Environment
- 68 [1]
- Ecological Pyramid: Ecosystem Ecology
- 69 [1]
- Ecological Pyramid: Ecosystem Productivity, Ecological Pyramid, Critique
- 70 [1]
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- 71 [1]
- Biogeographical Classification of India
- 72 [2]
- Natural History of Indian Subcontinent – Major Habitat Types of the Subcontient: Formation of the Indian Subcontinent, Topography of the Present-Day Indian Subcontinent, Habitat
- Natural History of Indian Subcontinent – Major Habitat Types of the Subcontient: Types of Habitat, Habitat Types Found in the Indian Subcontinent, Aquatic Habitat, Some Popular Estuarine Ecosystem Found in India
- 73 [1]
- The Environment – Biotic Environment
- 74 [1]
- Environment – Physical Environment
- 75 [1]
- Environment – Biotic and Abiotic Interactions
- 76 [1]
- Biogeography-Biogeographical Zones in India
- 77 [1]
- Biogeography – Major Terrestrial Biomass
- 78 [1]
- Biogeography: Theory of Island Biogeography
- 79 [1]
- Changes Involved in Succession: Concept, Significant Successional Changes
- 80 [1]
- Character Displacement: Concept, Stages, Examples, Relationship between Resource Partitioning and Character Displacement
- 81 [1]
- Concept of Climax: Overview, Features
- 82 [1]
- Ecosystem Structure: Structural Components, Abiotic Components, Biotic Components
- 83 [1]
- Ecosystem Function
- 84 [1]
- Fundamental and Realized Niche
- 85 [1]
- Concept of Habitat and Niche
- 86 [1]
- Biogeographical Zones of India: Concept, Indian Biogeographical Zones
- 87 [2]
- Indian Ecosystems: Concept, Various Aspects
- Major Terrestrial Biomes: Concept, Types
- 88 [1]
- Theory of Island Biogeography: Concept, Main Aspects of Theory of Island Biogeography, Species-Area Relationship, Species-Distance Hypothesis
- 89 [3]
- Energy Flow and Mineral Cycling (C, N, P): Concept
- Carbon Cycle
- Nitrogen Cycle
- 90 [2]
- Phosphorous Cycle
- Niche Width and Overlap: Dynamic Interconnection between Niche Width and Overlap, Hutchinson Model of Multidimensional Hypervolume of Niche
- 91 [2]
- Primary Production and Decomposition
- Concept of Decomposition: Processes
- 92 [1]
- Resource Partitioning: Concept, Types, Example
- 93 [1]
- Taxonomical Aid: Herbarium, Botanical Gardens, Zoological Parks & Museums
- 94 [1]
- Biodiversity Conservation
- 95 [1]
- Concept of Biodiversity
- 96 [1]
- Pyramids of Number, Biomass, Energy
- 97 [1]
- Ecological Services-Carbon Fixation, Pollination, Oxygen Release
- 98 [1]
- Ecological Succession
- 99 [1]
- Energy Flow
- 100 [2]
- Hotspots
- Importance of Biodiversity
- 101 [2]
- Loss of Biodiversity
- Nutrient Cycling
- 102 [1]
- Patterns, Components
- 103 [1]
- Patterns of Biodiversity
- 104 [1]
- Productivity and Decomposition
- 105 [1]
- Deforestation
- 106 [2]
- Greenhouse Effect
- Global Warming
- 107 [1]
- Ozone Depletion
Plant Semantics[212 Notes, 3%]
- 1 [1]
- Algae - Forms, Features and Reproduction
- 2 [1]
- Algae
- 3 [1]
- Fungi
- 4 [2]
- Bryophytes
- Pteridophytes
- 5 [1]
- Zoological Nomenclature
- 6 [1]
- Biological Nomenclature: Scope of the International Codes
- 7 [2]
- Classical and Quantitative Methods of Taxonomy of Plants: Levels of Taxonomy, A Representation of Phenogram
- Evolutionary Taxonomy: Utility of Quantitative Method, Challenges Involved Etc.
- 8 [2]
- Inflorescence and Types of Racemose Inflorescence
- Structure of Seed
- 9 [3]
- Difference between Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous Seed
- Cymose or Definite Inflorescence
- Types of Seed Germination
- 10 [3]
- Structure of Bean Seed
- Structure of Maize Grain (Seed)
- Flower, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions: Classification of Flower
- 11 [1]
- Flower, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions: Parts of Flower
- 12 [1]
- Inflorescence, Fruit
- 13 [1]
- Leaf, Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions
- 14 [1]
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Root
- 15 [1]
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Seed
- 16 [1]
- Plant Tissues - Morphology, Anatomy and Functions, Stem
Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms[189 Notes, 3%]
- 1 [1]
- Seed Formation and Germination: Changes, Kinds & Mechanism
- 2 [1]
- Seed Formation and Germination
- 3 [2]
- Embryo Sac Development and Double Fertilization in Plants: Development of Embryo Sac, Types
- Embryo Sac Development and Double Fertilization in Plants: Formation of Central Cell, Double Fertilization
- 4 [2]
- Development of Embryo in Dicotyledons
- Development of Embryo in Monocotyledon
- 5 [2]
- Development of Endosperm: Nuclear Endosperm, Cellular Endosperm, Helobial Endosperm, Special Points
- Fertilization
- 6 [3]
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Anemophily
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Hydrophily
- Methods for Cross Pollination - Zoophily
- 7 [6]
- Difference between Self-Pollination and Cross Pollination:
- Difference between Embryo and Endosperm
- Difference between Egg Cell and Secondary Nucleus
- Difference between Male and Female Gametophyte
- Difference between Pollination and Fertilization
- Pollination
- 8 [3]
- Contrivances or Adaptation for Self-Pollination:
- Contrivances for Cross Pollination
- Polyembryony
- 9 [2]
- Sexual Male Reproductive Organ – Androecium
- Structure of Anther:
- 10 [3]
- Microsporogenesis:
- Fact About Types of Pollen Grains
- Structure of Microspore or Pollen Grain
- 11 [3]
- Dehiscence of Anther
- Microgametogenesis or Development of Male Gametophyte
- Sexual Female Reproductive Organ – Gynoecium
- 12 [2]
- Structure of Ovule or Megasporangium
- Types of Ovules
- 13 [3]
- Megasporogenesis
- Development of Embryosac or Female Gametophyte
- Type of Embryo Sacs
- 14 [2]
- Angiospermic Seed
- Angiospermic Seed – Endosperm
- 15 [2]
- Development of Endosperm
- Development of Embryo
- 16 [2]
- Development of Male and Female Gametophytes: Microsporangium and Microsporogenesis
- Development of Male and Female Gametophytes: Pollen Grains and Megasporogenesis
- 17 [2]
- Development of Female Gametophytes: Structure of Ovule
- Development of Seed: Types of Seeds Based on Endosperm Persistence, Advantages of Seeds to Angiosperms
- 18 [2]
- Fruit Development: Types of Fruits
- Double Fertilization: Syngamy & Triple Fusion
- 19 [2]
- Double Fertilization: Advantages
- Flower Structure: Sepals, Petals and Thalamus
- 20 [2]
- Flower Structure: Androecium and Gynoecium
- Dioecy & Heterostyly: Outbreeding Devices
- 21 [2]
- Dichogamy & Herkogamy
- Pollen-Pistil Interaction: Concept, Growth of Pollen Tube
- 22 [2]
- Artificial Hybridization in Plant Breeding
- Pollination-Types, Agencies and Examples
- 23 [2]
- Types of Pollination
- Special Modes-Apomixis, Parthenocarpy, Polyembryony
- 24 [3]
- Parthenocarpy: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Polyembryony: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Vegetative Propagation in Plants
Plant Physiology[133 Notes, 12%]
- 1 [2]
- Cytokinins; Biosynthesis and Metabolism, Physiological Effects, Cross Talk
- Physiological Effects: Cross Talk
- 2 [2]
- Dormancy: Natural Breaking of Seed Dormancy, Artificial Breaking of Dormancy in Seeds, Significance
- Fruit Ripening: Control of Fruit Ripening by Hormones, Several Additional Phytohormones in Ripening, Fruit Maturation and Environmental Control
- 3 [2]
- Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks: Short- Day Plants, Long-Day Plants
- Photoperiodism and Biological Clocks: Day-Neutral Plants
- 4 [1]
- Citric Acid Cycle
- 5 [1]
- Light Harvesting Complexes
- 6 [1]
- Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action
- 7 [1]
- Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
- 8 [1]
- Transpiration
- 9 [1]
- Transport and Translocation of Water
- 10 [1]
- Abscisic Acid; ABA Biosynthesis, ABA Inactivation, ABA Transport, Physiological Effects of ABA
- 11 [1]
- Aquaporins: Aquaporins Structure, Subcellular Localization of Aquaporin Subgroups, Functional Role of Aquaporins in Plant Growth and Development
- 12 [1]
- Aquaporins; Biosynthesis of IAA, IAA Inactivation, IAA Transport, Physiological Effects of Auxins, Auxin Perception and Signaling
- 13 [1]
- Brassinosteroids: Biosynthesis, Inactivation, Signaling, Effects of Brassinosteroids on Plant Growth, Effects of Brassinosteroids in Immune Responses of Plants
- 14 [1]
- Cytokinins: Biosynthesis, Inactivation of Cytokinins, Cytokinin Transport
- 15 [2]
- Cytokinins; Biosynthesis and Metabolism, Physiological Effects, Cross Talk
- Physiological Effects: Cross Talk
- 16 [1]
- Gibberellins: Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Gibberellins, Gibberellins Signaling
- 17 [1]
- Jasmonic Acid: Biosynthesis, Conjugation and Storage
- 18 [2]
- Glycolysis: Pathway of Glycolysis, Regulation of Glycolysis, Allosteric Regulation
- Krebs Cycle
- 19 [2]
- Photorespiratory Pathway
- Net Reactions of the C-2 Oxidative Photosynthetic Carbon Cycle
- 20 [1]
- Transpiration: Mechanism, Factors Affecting Transpiration, Internal Plant Factors, Role of Stomata, Stomatal-Apparatus
- 21 [1]
- Transpiration: Starch-Sugar Hypothesis, Significance of Transpiration
- 22 [1]
- Citric Acid Cycle: The Strategy of Krebs Cycle
- 23 [2]
- Citric Acid Cycle: To Summarize the Kreb Cycle, TCA Cycle as an Amphibolic Pathway, Regulation of TCA Cycle
- Transport and Translocation of Water: Xylem Transport, Water Movements in Plants
- 24 [1]
- Ions, through Cells
- 25 [1]
- Solutes and Macromolecules from Soil, Across Membranes, through Xylem and Phloem, Mechanisms of Loading and Unloading of Photoassimilates
- 26 [1]
- Alternate Oxidase
- 27 [2]
- Biosynthesis: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis of Auxin, Biosynthesis of Gibberelins
- Biosynthesis: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis of Cytokinins, Biosynthesis of Ethylene, Biosynthesis of Abscisic Acid, Biosynthesis of Jasmonic Acid
- 28 [1]
- Breakdown and Transport: Breakdown and Transport of Cytokinins, Breakdown and Transport of Gibberellins
- 29 [2]
- Breakdown and Transport: Breakdown and Transport of Ethylene, Breakdown and Transport of ABA, Breakdown and Transport of Jasmonic Acid
- CO2 Fixation-C3, C4 and CAM Pathways
- 30 [1]
- Cryptochromes and Phototropins
- 31 [1]
- Mechanisms of Electron Transport
- 32 [1]
- Photoprotective Mechanisms
- 33 [2]
- Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Auxin, Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Cytokinins
- Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Gibberellins, Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- 34 [2]
- Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Ethylene, Physiological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Jasmonic Acid
- Phytochromes: Photoreceptors
- 35 [1]
- Stomatal Movement
- 36 [1]
- Storage of Plant Hormones
- 37 [1]
- Uptake of Solute Transport and Photoassimilate Translocation
- 38 [3]
- Androgenic Haploid Plants
- Bud Dormancy
- Difference between Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination
- 39 [2]
- Seed Dormancy
- Methods of Breaking of Seed Dormancy
- 40 [2]
- Factors Affecting Seed Germination
- Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
- 41 [2]
- Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
- Cyclic Photophosphorylation
- 42 [2]
- Means of Autotrophic Nutrition
- Site of Photosynthesis in Plants
- 43 [1]
- Photochemical and Biosynthetic Phases
- 44 [2]
- Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll-A and B
- Carotenoids: Beta-Carotenes, Xanthophylls and Phycobilins
- 45 [2]
- Root Pressure: Concept
- Guttation: Hydathodes
- 46 [2]
- Absorption, Apoplast
- Symplast Explanation with Diagram
- 47 [2]
- Transpiration-Opening and Closing of Stomata
- Opening and Closing of Stomata
- 48 [1]
- Transpiration Pull
- 49 [1]
- Active Transport
- 50 [1]
- Conditions of Growth
- 51 [2]
- Differentiation
- Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
- 52 [2]
- Growth Regulators-Auxin, Gibberellin
- Growth Regulators-Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA
- 53 [1]
- Seed Germination
- 54 [1]
- Sequence of Developmental Process in A Plant Cell
- 55 [1]
- Photoperiodism: Concept, Types, Critical Day Length, Mechanism of Floral Induction
- 56 [1]
- Vernalisation: Concept, Mechanism, Gene Play During Vernalization
- 57 [1]
- “Plasmodesmata: Gateways of Cellular Communication in Plants”
- 58 [3]
- Energy Relations -Number of ATP Molecules Generated
- Amphibolic Pathway: Catabolic and Anabolic
- Respiratory Quotient
- 59 [2]
- Exchange Gases
- Cellular Respiration
- 60 [1]
- Electron Transport System (Aerobic)
- 61 [1]
- “Dance of Molecules: Understanding Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion in Plant Cells”
- 62 [1]
- “Imbibition: The Cellular Swell”
- 63 [1]
- Glycolysis
- 64 [1]
- Fermentation (Anaerobic)
- 65 [1]
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- 66 [1]
- Water Potential
- 67 [1]
- TCA
- 68 [1]
- Types of Seed Dormancy
- 69 [1]
- Plasmolysis: Understanding Cellular Response to Solute Concentrations
- 70 [1]
- Phases of Plant Growth and Plant Growth Rate
- 71 [1]
- Photorespiration C3 and C4 Pathways
- 72 [1]
- “Osmosis: The Dance of Water Across Cell Membranes”
- 73 [1]
- Movement of Water, Gases and Nutrients
Plant Metabolism[34 Notes, 2%]
- 1 [1]
- Biosynthesis of Terpenes
- 2 [1]
- Responses of Plants to Biotic and Abiotic Stress
- 3 [1]
- Phenols and Nitrogenous Compounds and Their Roles
- 4 [1]
- Responses of Plants to Biotic and Abiotic Stress: Water and Osmotic Stress, Salinity and Pollutant Stress
- 5 [1]
- Responses of Plants to Biotic and Abiotic Stress: Temperature Stress, Stress by Infection and Wounding
- 6 [1]
- Biosynthesis of Terpenes: Classification, Structure and Source of Representative Terpenoids
- 7 [2]
- Nitrate and Ammonium Assimilation: Nitrate Assimilation
- Nitrate and Ammonium Assimilation: Ammonium Assimilation
- 8 [1]
- Deficiency Symptoms
- 9 [2]
- Mineral Toxicity
- Essential Minerals
- 10 [1]
- Macro and Micronutrients
- 11 [1]
- Phloem Transport
- 12 [1]
- Nitrogen Metabolism
- 13 [2]
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Translocation of Mineral Nutrients
- 14 [1]
- Transport of Food
Plant Biotechnology[17 Notes, 2%]
- 1 [1]
- Bulk Method: Detailed Outline of Bulk Procedure, Limitations
- 2 [1]
- Male Sterility: Benefits, Disadvantages
- 3 [1]
- Heterosis Breeding: Advantages, Challenges
- 4 [1]
- Plant Breeding: Concept and Steps
- 5 [1]
- Tissue Culture: Steps and Advantages
- 6 [1]
- Animal Husbandry: Methods of Animal Breeding, Methods of Controlled Breeding
- 7 [2]
- Apiculture: Rearing of Honey Bees
- Pisciculture: Rearing of Fishes
- 8 [1]
- Ethical Issues and Patents
- 9 [2]
- Biopiracy: An Ethical Issue
- Genetic Engineering
- 10 [1]
- Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
- 11 [1]
- Bioreactors and Its Types
- 12 [2]
- Single Cell Protein
- Biofortification Process
- 13 [2]
- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology: Restriction Enzyme & DNA Fragments
- Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology: Cloning Vector and Gene Transfer